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Ultrasound (US) of the knee is a valuable tool in examining patients with rheumatic diseases, in addition to clinical examination. Due to the rapid improvement of US equipment and the continuous upgrade of knowledge and experience in the field of musculoskeletal US, the US technique has been established as an indispensable tool in the clinical management of degenerative and inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases. Apart from the accurate visibility of anatomical structures, pathologic findings such as effusion, synovitis, enthesitis, erosions and osteophytes are readily depicted by US. During the last decade, aiming to assess treatment outcomes, the possibility of quantification of inflammatory findings using the US technique has been explored. The aim of this review is to illustrate the normal appearance of knee structures on US, consider potential pitfalls and review the recent literature about new prospects in knee evaluation as well as pathological findings in this region.
